Thyroid cancer is a cancer that originates from the cells of the thyroid gland. This cancer is much less common than others and the prognosis of the disease is quite good. If correct diagnosis and treatment is applied, the disease can be completely eliminated. Thus, a person can live for a long time. Its prevalence in the society is 4.2%. The lifetime risk of thyroid cancer in women is approximately 0.7% and in men it is 025%. As can be seen from these percentages, it is a rare cancer. Every year, 12 thousand new cases of thyroid cancer occur in the United States. Thyroid cancer is not a single type. It is divided into 4 groups in order of frequency: papillary cancer, follicular cancer, medullary cancer and anaplastic cancer.
Papillary Cancer: It is a cancer that generally progresses well. Nearly 80% of all thyroid cancers are papillary cancer. It may not cause symptoms and remain in the thyroid gland for many years. The patient may not have any complaints in this case. It can be seen at any age and progresses better in young people. It occurs most often in the 40s. It can spread to other organs of the body. In this case, the course of the disease is worse.
Follicular cancer: Papiller kanserden sonra en sık görülen tiroid kanseridir. Fakat görülme sıklığı papillere göre oldukça azdır. Bu kanser de yayılabilir. Sıklıkla tiroid bezinin zarına ve damara yayılır. Eğer zara yayılma gösteriyorsa seyri damara yayılana göre daha iyidir. Bu kanser tipi en sık akciğer ve kemiğe yayılır. Ayrıca komşu yapılara, örneğin nefes borusuna yayılma ihtimali vardır. En sık 50 yaşından sonra ortaya çıkar. Folliküler kanser, daha hızlı seyreder, tekrar etme ihtimali fazladır.
Medullary Cancer: The thyroid gland secretes the hormone calcitonin. C cells in the thyroid gland carry out this event. That's why the secretion of this hormone is increased in cancer cases. In this cancer, the thyroid gland must be removed. If it has spread to the lymph nodes, these glands are also removed by surgery. It is less common than the above two cancers. Approximately 1/4 of the patients have familial transmission. In other words, the risk is increased in those with a family history of medullary thyroid cancer.
Anaplastic Cancer: It is the least common type of thyroid cancer. It moves very fast. The mass in the thyroid develops and grows rapidly. In cases where breathing becomes difficult, the trachea may need to be removed. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are applied.
The reason is not yet fully known. However, according to research, thyroid cancer has been observed in people exposed to some radioactive substances. The most important of these substances is uranium. For example, with the nuclear power plant accident in Chernobyl, the incidence of thyroid cancer increased in people living in this region. Genetic mutations are thought to play a role in some thyroid cancers.
One of the frequently asked questions is whether some radioactive substances used during diagnosis or treatment cause cancer. The amounts of substances used for this purpose are quite small. Their elimination time from the body is much shorter. That's why they don't cause cancer.
There are no complaints in most thyroid cancers. The disease does not cause any symptoms. In some cases, a mass occurred in the neck. A small number of patients may experience a feeling of tightness in the throat, pain, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing. However, these are seen in a small number of patients. Many thyroid cancers do not cause symptoms. In fact, spread to other organs is detected in some patients at the time of diagnosis.
First of all, tests are performed to determine the amount of hormones in the blood. Whether or not hormone levels are high, other tests need to be performed. Because these values are high in some thyroid cancers and normal in others. The mass in the thyroid is seen with ultrasonography. However, it cannot be understood whether this mass is cancerous or not. A biopsy is required to make a definitive diagnosis. . It provides information about the appearance of the mass or nodule. Apart from this, fine needle aspiration biopsy is performed. This method is applied to all masses seen in the thyroid. It is quite valuable. The bad type of cancer, the spread of the tumor, its large diameter (>1cm), and the late initiation of treatment lead to a poor course of the disease. The prognosis of the disease is better if the tumor is a single focus, has not spread, and is small in diameter.
Ameliyat: Bütün tiroid kanserlerinde, tiroid bezi ameliyatla çıkarılır. Ameliyat sırasında hızlı mikroskobik inceleme yapılır. Trioid bezinin tamamı çıkarılır ve etrafındaki lenf bezleri de alınır. Tiroid bezinin tamamının çıkarılması, ameliyat sonrası uygulanan tedavinin etkili olması için şarttır. Yoksa, uygulanacak tedavi bir işe yaramaz. Ameliyattan sonra papiller ve folliküler kanseri olan hastalar, zırhlı hastane odalarında yüksek dozda radyoaktif iyoda maruz bırakılır. Böylece vücudun başka yerlerinde kalmış olan kanser hücrelerinin öldürülmesi hedeflenir. Bu radyokatif iyotun dozu, kanserin yayılma derecesine göre değişir. Bazı vakalarda bu yöntemin tekrarlanması gerekebilir. Bununiçin 6 aylık bir sürenin geçmesi beklenir.
In medullary cancer, the amount of calcitonin is measured 2-3 months after surgery is performed and the thyroid gland and lymph nodes are removed. If the amount of calcitonin measured during this period is less than 10 pg/ml, the treatment is successful and the tumor has been destroyed. Radioactive iodine treatment is also applied to this type of cancer. In anaplastic cancer, surgery and radiotherapy are applied first, then chemotherapy. After treatment, patients are given thyroxine hormone. Because the TSH level must be reduced. High TSH causes cancer to recur.
Call Us: +90 212 584 81 81
Call Us: +90 505 787 75 25
E-Send mail :info@burhandadas.com
English 
Turkish